Really, the best way to test the inverter is to renew it with a known good one. Inverters are fairly obscure circuits and use many variant designs and controller chips. Some controllers will attempt to strike an bow on the lamp multiple times and then shut down whether the bulb is bad, so the fact that they're not putting out a voltage does not necessarily indicate that the inverter is bad. It could just expect the stem failed to ignite and the inverter shut down. Different controllers act differently so you won't have ane single symptom that applies to each inverter boarding.
Another option is just to have a couple of spare bulbs around. These are cheaper than inverters and you should be able to just affix a generic bulb to see provided that fixes it. If so, order the fitting replacement bulb. Otherwise it is probably the inverter.
Whether you're getting into the mend commerce, one thing you might consider is repairing inverter boarding. The most common failure is the FET switches that drive the high voltage transformer. These cost about 10 cents and a new board costs $50 or more. The second failure point is the controller chip which may cost a couple of dollars. This may require a ball more knowledge of electronics.
Source: http://ask.metafilter.com/92210/Backlight-or-Inverter-How-can-you-tell#1350963
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